神经症的研究进展

目的探讨神经症的病因,防御机制,应对方式,心理治疗及药物治疗的研究进展,以便为其研究、预防和治疗工作提供科学依据。方法以最近20年国内外有关神经症研究的成果为基础,采用文献研究法分析总结了近50余篇有关的研究论文的研究成果。结果神经症患者多内向,情绪明显不稳定,神经质影响心理症状最大;他们的父母较正常人的父母对子女缺乏情感温暖,并有过度的拒绝和过度保护,家庭不和睦,其在发病前一年内负性生活事件数目与严重程度均高于对照组(P<0.01);情绪表达受限,生活单调乏味,父母采取不良教养方式,人际关系紧张等。患者存在防御上的不适当,多使用不成熟或中间型防御机制,缺乏良好的应对方式。心理疗法主要有支持心理治疗,森田疗法,认知领悟疗法和精神分析疗法;而药物以三环类药物,苯二氮卓类为主。药物与心理疗法相结合的疗效比单纯应用心理治疗或药物治疗要好。结论神经症的病因主要有人格特征,家庭环境,生活事件,教养方式,人际关系等。采用心理干预与药物治疗相结合的方法是目前比较公认的。     

Rhein lysinate inhibits cell growth by modulating various mitogen-activated protein kinases in cervical cancer cells

In previous studies, we found that rhein lysinate (RHL; the salt of rhein and lysine, easily dissolved in water) inhibited the growth of tumor cells in breast and ovarian cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RHL on the growth of human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells and any underlying mechanisms. RHL inhibited the growth of HeLa cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. It was also noted that RHL induced apoptosis in HeLa cells in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, RHL triggered HeLa cell apoptosis by increasing the levels of cleaved poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and caspase-3/7. In addition, the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) was a critical mediator in RHL-induced growth inhibition. Inhibition of the expression of p38 MAPK and JNK by pharmacological inhibitors reversed RHL-induced growth inhibition by decreasing the level of cleaved PARP and caspase-3/7. Phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) was increased by RHL; conversely, the MEK inhibitor which inhibits ERK activity, synergistically enhanced RHL-induced growth inhibition in HeLa cells. The results showed that RHL inhibits Hela cell growth through the activation of p38 MAPK and JNK, and is a potential chemotherapeutic agent for cervical cancer.     

带绦虫精母细胞发生的超微结构观察

目的：在超微结构水平研究带绦虫精母细胞的发生。方法：透射电镜。结果：本文对猪带绦虫，牛带绦虫，及豆状带绦虫的精母细胞的发生进行了ＴＥＭ观察，结果精母细胞的发生（ｓｐｅｒｍａｔｏｃｙｔｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓ）可分辨出两种精原细胞：Ａ型和Ｂ型，以及包绕其周围的支持细胞。Ａ型精原细胞为干细胞。Ｂ型为母细胞。Ｂ型精原细胞经４次无细胞分离的有丝分裂，形成１６个初级精母细胞，其特点为胞质中存在核糖体团。初级精母细胞经减数分裂产生３２个次级精母细胞，排列成玫瑰花团样。次级精母细胞经短暂的发育过程很快形成精细胞。结论：带绦虫精原细胞的分裂方式为无细胞分离的有丝分裂。     

冠心病患者不同类型血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白和高敏C反应蛋白水平的差异

目的比较血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白、高敏C反应蛋白水平在不同类型冠心病中的差异。方法检测了82例冠心病患者(急性冠状动脉综合征42例、稳定型心绞痛20例和陈旧性心肌梗死20例)和22例正常对照者血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白、高敏C反应蛋白、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、总胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平,并比较各指标水平在不同类型冠心病中的差异。结果血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白水平在冠心病组明显高于对照组(62.5±24.8μg/L比42.3±17.9μg/L,P<0.05),在急性冠状动脉综合征组明显高于稳定型心绞痛组和陈旧性心肌梗死组(68.9±23.4μg/L比41.5±21.3μg/L和50.5±21.6μg/L,P<0.05);血清高敏C反应蛋白水平在冠心病组明显高于对照组(15.58±4.32mg/L比6.94±1.93mg/L,P<0.05),在急性冠状动脉综合征组明显高于稳定型心绞痛组和陈旧性心肌梗死组(19.31±1.43mg/L比10.29±1.01mg/L和9.56±1.72mg/L,P<0.05);血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平在冠心病组明显高于对照组(3.46±1.11mmol/L比2.87± 0.82mmol/L,P<0.05),但在急性冠状动脉综合征组与稳定型心绞痛组和陈旧性心肌梗死组差异无显著性(3.64±0.85mmol/L比3.06±1.23mmol/L和3.40±1.35mmol/L);血清总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值在冠心病组明显高于对照组(3.46±1.11比2.87±0.82,P<0.05),在不同类型冠心病中亦有差异(P<0.05)。结论血清氧化型低密度脂蛋白和高敏C反应蛋白水平及总胆固醇/高密度脂蛋白胆固醇比值在冠心病不同类型中有差异,可能为诊断冠心病的指标。     

不同职业赴川救援人员替代性创伤及其相关研究

目的探讨职业对救援人员替代性创伤的影响,以及社会支持、应对方式与替代性创伤之间的关系。方法采用灾难救助者替代创伤问卷、社会支持量表、应对方式问卷对205名赴川救援人员进行调查。结果 1不同职业救援人员在认知反应(F=21.641,P0.001)、情绪反应(F=4.217,P0.01)、行为反应(F=3.347,P0.05)、生理反应(F=6.572,P0.001)及替代创伤总分(F=7.104,P0.001)上存在显著差异,在生活信念因子上无显著差异;2替代创伤总分与社会支持总分(r=-0.202,P0.01)、主观支持(r=-0.197,P0.01)、积极应对(r=-0.249,P0.01)存在显著负相关,与消极应对呈显著正相关(r=0.301,P0.01);但只有消极应对在回归方程中具有统计学意义(t=2.516,P0.05)。结论学生和其他类志愿者创伤程度高于心理工作者、医护人员和教师,学生志愿者创伤程度最高,心理工作者创伤程度最低;社会支持状况越好,救援人员的替代性创伤程度越低;采用积极应对方式越多,救援人员替代性创伤程度越低,采用消极应对方式越多,救援人员替代性创伤程度越高。     

Melatonin protects kidney grafts from ischemia/reperfusion injury through inhibition of NF-kB and apoptosis after experimental kidney transplantation

Abstract:  Free radicals are involved in pathophysiology of ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI). Melatonin is a potent scavenger of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Thus, this study was designed to elucidate its effects in a model of rat kidney transplantation. Twenty Lewis rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 10 animals each). Melatonin (50 mg/kg BW) dissolved in 5 mL milk was given to one group via gavage 2 hr before left donor nephrectomy. Controls were given the same volume of milk only. Kidney grafts were then transplanted into bilaterally nephrectomized syngeneic recipients after 24 hr of cold storage in Histidine–Tryptophan–Ketoglutarate solution. Both graft function and injury were assessed after transplantation through serum levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, transaminases, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Biopsies were taken to evaluate tubular damage, the enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO), and the expression of NF-kBp65, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), caspase-3 as indices of oxidative stress, necrosis, and apoptosis, respectively. Melatonin improved survival ( P  < 0.01) while decreasing BUN, creatinine, transaminases, and LDH values up to 39–71% ( P  < 0.05). Melatonin significantly reduced the histological index for tubular damage, induced tissue enzymatic activity of SOD while reducing LPO. At the same time, melatonin down-regulated the expression of NF-kBp65, iNOS, and caspase-3. In conclusion, donor preconditioning with melatonin protected kidney donor grafts from IRI-induced renal dysfunction and tubular injury most likely through its anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic and NF-kB inhibitory capacity.     

唐山市2006年生活饮用水水质的监测

[目的]了解唐山市城区生活饮用水水质，针对存在的问题提出改进建议。[方法]选取有代表性的城区二次供水、末梢水、出厂水和水源水进行监测，采用国家标准进行评价。[结果]所监测的二次供水、末梢水、出厂水和水源水的合格率分别为80．0％、83.3％、100.0％和50．0％。不合格的指标分别有游离性余氯、浑浊度、总大肠菌群、硝酸盐氮、总硬度和细菌总数。[结论]唐山市城区生活饮用水水质基本符合国家标准，针对存在的问题，有关部门应加强管理。